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By N2H

The Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow

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In his motivation theory Maslow argued that man has 5 innate needs. These needs can be arranged in a hierarchy as below.

 

(1) Physiological Needs

This are needs for food, shelter, heat, clothing i.e. basic needs etc. This must be satisfied for a person to survive.

2. Safety Needs

This is the freedom from threat, need for security, order and predictability.

(3) Social Needs

Most people desire love and affection they want to belong to a community and to feel waned i.e. they need a sense of belonging.

( 4) Esteem Needs

This includes needs for recognition, authority and influence over others. It also includes needs for appreciation, status, and respect etc.

(5) Self –Actualization Need:

This is the fulfillment of personal potential or the desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming.

In his motivation theory Maslow put forward certain positions about the motivating power of these needs and how they actually dictate the process by which they are fulfilled.

These are:

• A person’s needs can be arranged in a hierarchy

• Each level of need is dominant until satisfied, only then does the next level of need become a motivating factor.

• A need which has been satisfied no longer motivates an individual’s behaviour and the need of self actualization can never be satisfied.

In short Maslow suggested that individuals are motivated! by the 5 levels. When the 1^st level is satisfied, the individual will try to satisfy the next level and so on.

Criticism or Problems of Maslow’s Approach:

• Some needs might no exist in certain people. What is considered important by one person could be regarded as trivial by another.

• Assuming all the needs are present, they might not be ranked in the order outlined. Also Needs can exist simultaneously and horizontally as well as sequentially and vertically.

• The theory states that individuals will seek to attain higher levels only when lower levels are satisfied. Many people however are actually conscious of higher needs even though their fundamental, physiological needs have not been met.

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