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By N2H




The Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow Hierarkiet af behov Abraham Maslow

July 9, 2008 Den 9 juli, 2008

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In his motivation theory Maslow argued that man has 5 innate needs. I sin motivation teori Maslow fremførte, at mennesket har 5 medfødte behov. These needs can be arranged in a hierarchy as below. Disse behov kan arrangeres i et hierarki som nedenfor.

(1) Physiological Needs (1) fysiologiske behov

This are needs for food, shelter, heat, clothing ie basic needs etc. This must be satisfied for a person to survive. Dette er behov for mad, husly, varme-, beklædnings dvs basale behov osv. Dette skal være opfyldt for en person at overleve.

  1. Safety Needs Sikkerhed Needs

This is the freedom from threat, need for security, order and predictability. Det er den frihed fra trussel, behovet for sikkerhed, orden og forudsigelighed.

(3) Social Needs (3) sociale behov

Most people desire love and affection they want to belong to a community and to feel waned ie they need a sense of belonging. De fleste mennesker ønsker kærlighed og hengivenhed, de ønsker at tilhøre et fællesskab og føle sig waned dvs. de har brug for en følelse af tilhørsforhold.

( 4) Esteem Needs (4) agtelse Needs

This includes needs for recognition, authority and influence over others. Dette omfatter behov for anerkendelse, autoritet og indflydelse over andre. It also includes needs for appreciation, status, and respect etc. Det omfatter også behov for anerkendelse, status og respekt osv.

(5) Self –Actualization Need: (5) Selvregulering aktualisering Behov:

This is the fulfillment of personal potential or the desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming. Dette er opfyldelsen af personlige potentielle eller ønsket at blive alt det, man er i stand til at blive.

In his motivation theory Maslow put forward certain positions about the motivating power of these needs and how they actually dictate the process by which they are fulfilled. I sin motivation teori Maslow fremsat visse holdninger om den motiverende effekt af disse behov og hvordan de rent faktisk diktere den proces, hvorved de er opfyldt.

These are: Disse er:

  • A person’s needs can be arranged in a hierarchy En persons behov kan arrangeres i et hierarki

  • Each level of need is dominant until satisfied, only then does the next level of need become a motivating factor . Hvert niveau af behovet er dominerende indtil opfyldt, først derefter gør det næste niveau af behovet bliver en motiverende faktor.

  • A need which has been satisfied no longer motivates an individual’s behaviour and the need of self actualization can never be satisfied. Et krav som har været tilfredse ikke længere motiverer den enkeltes adfærd og behovet for selvstændig aktualisering kan aldrig være tilfredse.

In short Maslow suggested that individuals are motivated! by the 5 levels. I korte Maslow foreslog, at enkeltpersoner er motiveret! Af 5 niveauer. When the 1 st level is satisfied, the individual will try to satisfy the next level and so on. Når 1 st niveau er opfyldt, den enkelte vil forsøge at tilfredsstille det næste niveau og så videre.

Criticism or Problems of Maslow’s Approach: Kritik eller problemer af Maslow's tilgang:

  • Some needs might no exist in certain people. Nogle behov kan ikke findes i visse mennesker. What is considered important by one person could be regarded as trivial by another. Hvad betragtes som væsentlig af én person kunne betragtes som en bagatel af en anden.

  • Assuming all the needs are present, they might not be ranked in the order outlined. Forudsat at alle behov er til stede, kan de ikke være placeret i den rækkefølge skitseret. Also Needs can exist simultaneously and horizontally as well as sequentially and vertically. Også behov kan eksistere samtidigt og vandret samt fortløbende og lodret.

  • The theory states that individuals will seek to attain higher levels only when lower levels are satisfied. Teorien hedder, at enkeltpersoner vil søge at nå højere niveauer kun når lavere niveauer er opfyldt. Many people however are actually conscious of higher needs even though their fundamental, physiological needs have not been met. Mange mennesker er imidlertid rent faktisk bevidst om højere behov, selv om deres grundlæggende, fysiologiske behov, ikke er blevet opfyldt.


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